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Male peafowl are referred to as peacocks, and female peafowl are referred to as peahens, even though peafowl of either sex are referred to as “peacocks.” 

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The two Asiatic species are the blue or Indian peafowl originally of the Indian subcontinent, and the green peafowl of Southeast Asia; the one African species is the Congo peafowl, native only to the Congo Basin. Male peafowl are known for their piercing calls and their extravagant plumage. The latter is especially prominent in the Asiatic species, which have an eye-spotted "tail" or "train" of feathers, which they display as part of a courtship ritual.

The functions of the elaborate iridescent colouration and large "train" of feathers have been the subject of extensive scientific debate. Charles Darwin suggested that they serve to attract females, and the showy features of the males evolved through natural selection.